Table 4 The Types of the Perlite
| Types |
Main constituent |
Characteristics |
Construction
features |
Water
content% |
| Pearlite |
The main constituents are massive, multihole and float stone pearlite. The phenocryst with the water sanidine and silica, and various little crystal, aphanitic mineral and amphiholes. |
Circular crack. The fracture is staggered, and has pearl glossy, and has grease glossy and white cord after weathering. |
Moving
construction |
2¡«6 |
| Pichstone |
The main constituents are pitchstone, hydrolytic pitchtstone, hydrate pitchstone, include a few sannidines and white travertine. They distribute. |
The fractures are conchoidal, has rosin glossy and white cord. |
Moving
construction |
6¡«10 |
| Black lava glass |
The main constituents are black lava glass, black lava porphyry, and hydrate black lava glass. It includes a few silica, feldspar phenocryst and quite a few unclear magnetite and alundums. |
The fracture are conchoidal or smooth. Some of them are staggered and have glass glossy. After the weathering they have grease glossy and white cord. |
Moving
construction |
<2 |
Table 5 The divide of Perlite Levels
| Types |
Bentonite content (%) |
Expanded times |
Ore levels |
| Pearlite |
<10 |
¡Ý15 |
First-class |
| Devitrification |
10¡«40 |
7¡«15 |
Secondary/third-class |
| Strong Devitrification |
>40¡«65 |
<7 |
Dunn bass |
3. Main uses
1.To decide whether the perlite raw materials have the industrial value. The main value is about the expanding times and the products density after the high temperature roasting¡£The following is the main industrial terms of the perlite.
 (1)expanded times Ko©5¡«15£»
(2)heaped density 80¡«200©K/m3¡£
2.general quality requests:
(1)has multiattribute advantages, such as clean glass, and good transparent and light color.
(2)has no or little devitrification; the materials having strong devitrification are poor things.
(3)Chemical factors: SiO2 70%, H2O 4%-6%, Fe2O3
3.The expanding pearlite vitrification microsphere is formed after the roasting of the pearlite, the black lava glass and the pitchstone, which has low density and heat conductivity, high fire-resistance, good water ability, small pore, stable chemical performance, no poison and no taste. It is widely used in industry. You can see the main uses of the expanding pearlite vitrification microsphere from Table 8.
Table 6 Quality levels standards
| Level |
Expanded time(Ko) |
Appearance |
Refractive index |
Fe2O3/% |
| First-class |
>20 |
Have bright glass gloss or rosin gloss, clear sliver |
Usually
<1.5 |
Usually
<1.0 |
| Secondary |
10¡«20 |
Have glass gloss or rosin gloss |
Usually
>1.5 |
Usually
>1.0 |
| Third-class |
<10 |
Dark gloss, and some are ashen gloss; unclear sliver, and some have brecciated constructions or clear flow figrue |
|
|
Table 7 the influencing factors of the hollow ball pearlite expanding performance
| Influencing factors |
Expanding performances |
| Glassy transparent and structure growing intent |
The glassy changes from clear, semi-clear, to unclear. |
| Sanidine and silica phenocryst content |
In the glass, the existence of the sanidine and the silica phenocryst is bad for the expanding of the ore. After the expanding of the phenocryst pearlite, its air-holes are linked with each other, so that the pores become bigger and it also influences the heat-insulated performance. |
| Iron content |
Too high ore iron content can influence the color of the product, and has the trend of the reduction of the expanding efficient. |
| Water content |
The water content of the ore is one of influencing factors about the product quality. |
Table 8 The main uses of the hollow ball pearlite expanding performance
| Application trade |
Main uses |
| Construction |
Concrete aggregates; light and heat-insulated insulating sound-proof plate; fillers and mortars of high buildings with water-proof roof, light freeze resistance, antiseismic, fire-fighting and anti-radiation, pipe heat-insulated layers of various industrial equipment, inside walls of various freezing stores, storing inside walls of low boiling point liquids and gases and inside walls of transportation means. |
| Filter aid and filler |
Make the molecular sieve, be used as the filter agent and the decontamination reagent; be used to filter micrograins, algae and bacterium in the process of food processing manufacturing about brewing wine, make juices, drinks, molasses, sweets and vinegar; the detoxication of chemical plastics and lacquers; clearing waste oil and dewaxing petrol, separating paraffin hydrocarbon£»be used as the fillings of enamels, glazes, plastics, resins and rubbers, and catalyst and oil well grout mixed agent in the chemical reaction. |
| Farming and gardening |
Improve soil, such as regulate the soil harden, prevent farm crops from dropping, control fertilizer efficient and strength, and be used as the diluent and the carrier of the pesticide and the herbicide. |
| Machinery, metallurgy, water and electricity, light industry |
Used as the auxiliary materials of all the heat-insulated glasses, mineral cottons and cerams. |
| Others |
Fine objects, packing materials for polluted objects, grinding materials of jewels, color stones and glass products. |
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